Did you know that colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States of America?
But again, what is colon cancer?
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide.
It affects the large intestine and rectum and ranks among the top 5 most prevalent cancers in the world.
While most people are familiar with classic symptoms like abdominal pain, bowel habit changes, and weight loss, there are also lesser-known or atypical signs that can indicate the presence of colon cancer.
Understanding these unusual symptoms can lead to earlier detection and treatment, improving survival rates. Let’s explore the weird or atypical symptoms of colon cancer and what they mean for your health.
What Is Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer occurs when abnormal cell growth forms in the large intestine or rectum.
It can develop anywhere in these areas, interfering with digestion and overall gut health.
Signs of Colon Cancer in Women
While colon cancer symptoms can affect both men and women, there are some specific signs that women may experience differently or more frequently. Hormonal differences, reproductive health, and the presence of conditions like endometriosis can sometimes mask or overlap with colon cancer symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis. Key signs to watch out for include:
- Changes in Menstrual Cycles – Unexplained changes in period regularity or increased pelvic pain could be linked to colon cancer pressing on reproductive organs.
- Pelvic Pain – Women with colon cancer may experience persistent pelvic discomfort, which can be mistaken for gynecological issues like ovarian cysts or fibroids.
- Increased Fatigue – Due to chronic blood loss from the colon, women may develop anemia, leading to extreme tiredness and weakness.
- Bloating and Gas – While bloating is common during menstrual cycles, persistent bloating unrelated to periods could indicate colon cancer.
- Unexplained Weight Loss – A sudden drop in weight without dietary or lifestyle changes should raise concern.
If you notice any of these symptoms persisting over time, it’s important to consult a doctor for further evaluation.
Risk Factors for Colon Cancer
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing colon cancer, including:
- Age – Higher risk in older individuals, typically over 50
- Low fiber intake – A diet lacking in fiber contributes to poor digestive health
- Family history – Genetics play a role in increasing risk
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – Conditions like ulcerative colitis can raise risk
- Alcohol consumption – Excessive drinking has been linked to colon cancer
Typical Symptoms of Colon Cancer
Most people associate colon cancer with well-known symptoms such as:
- Abdominal pain
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Pencil-thin stools due to obstructions
- Fatigue and unexplained weight loss
But beyond these, there are lesser-known warning signs that could indicate colon cancer. Let’s dive into these unusual symptoms.
1. Abdominal Distension
A swollen or bloated stomach may be an overlooked symptom of colon cancer. This happens when a tumor blocks the passage of stool and gas, leading to a distended abdomen. The blockage can cause gastrointestinal contents and air to accumulate, resulting in an enlarged, protruding belly.
2. Obstipation and Severe Constipation
Colon cancer can lead to a complete stoppage of stool and gas movement, a condition known as obstipation. This occurs when a tumor causes a full blockage in the large intestine, preventing the passage of waste. Severe constipation can also develop, particularly when the obstruction is further down the intestinal tract.
3. Nausea and Vomiting
As the blockage in the large intestine worsens, food and digestive contents back up, slowing gastric emptying. This can cause frequent nausea and even vomiting, as the stomach struggles to empty properly.
4. Tenesmus: The Constant Urge to Defecate
Some people with rectal cancer experience tenesmus, a persistent sensation of needing to pass stool, even when the bowels are empty. This is often accompanied by rectal pain or discomfort due to the presence of a tumor.
5. Rectal Pressure or Pain
If colon cancer affects the rectum, it can create a sensation of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen and pelvis. This discomfort may be mistaken for hemorrhoids, delaying diagnosis.
6. Unexplained Bleeding: Melena and Hematochezia
Colon cancer can cause bleeding inside the digestive tract, leading to two specific types of bloody stools:
- Melena – Dark, tarry stools due to partially digested blood from higher up in the colon.
- Hematochezia – Bright red blood in stool, usually from a tumor closer to the rectum.
Blood loss from colon cancer may not always be visible, making it crucial to watch for changes in stool color and consistency.
7. Iron Deficiency Anemia
Chronic bleeding from a tumor, even if not visibly apparent, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. This results from the body’s attempt to compensate for blood loss by producing more red blood cells, which depletes iron stores.
Signs of iron deficiency anemia include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
- Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails)
- Angular cheilitis (cracks at the corners of the mouth)
- Restless leg syndrome
8. Endocarditis and Blood Infections
A rare but serious complication of colon cancer is endocarditis, an infection of the heart’s inner lining. It can result from bacteremia (bacteria entering the bloodstream), especially from Streptococcus bovis (S. gallolyticus), a bacterium found in the intestines. If detected in blood cultures, doctors often investigate for underlying colon cancer.
9. Gas Gangrene from Clostridium Septicum
Colon cancer can sometimes lead to gas gangrene, a life-threatening infection caused by Clostridium septicum. This bacterium thrives in low-oxygen environments, making tumor-infected areas susceptible to severe infections.
10. Diverticulitis and Colon Cancer Connection
Colon cancer symptoms can mimic diverticulitis, an inflammation of small pouches in the colon wall. A history of multiple diverticulitis episodes significantly raises the risk of developing colon cancer.
11. Liver Enlargement and Ascites
When colon cancer spreads, the liver is one of the most common sites of metastasis. This can lead to:
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), creating severe swelling
- Impaired liver function, affecting overall health
12. Unusual Skin Conditions
Some skin changes could indicate colon cancer, including:
Acanthosis Nigricans
This condition causes dark, velvety patches of thickened skin, often appearing in:
- Armpits
- Groin
- Neck folds
Though more common in conditions like diabetes and PCOS, it can sometimes signal an underlying malignancy like colon cancer.
Leser-Trélat Sign
A sudden outbreak of seborrheic keratoses (benign, wart-like skin growths) can be a paraneoplastic syndrome linked to colon cancer. Key features include:
- Rapid onset of numerous lesions
- Severe itching (pruritus)
- Lesions growing in size and number quickly
Unlike age-related seborrheic keratoses, which appear gradually, those linked to colon cancer develop suddenly and aggressively.
The Takeaway: When to See a Doctor
Many of these unusual signs can be mistaken for minor health issues, leading to delayed diagnosis. If you experience any of the following, seek medical attention:
- Persistent bloating or abdominal distension
- Chronic constipation or bowel habit changes
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
- Blood in stool (black or red)
- Sudden onset of itchy, wart-like skin lesions
- Signs of anemia (pale skin, dizziness, weakness)
Early Detection Saves Lives
Colon cancer is highly treatable when caught early. If you’re at risk or experiencing symptoms, talk to your doctor about screening options like colonoscopies or stool tests.
Remember, staying informed about both common and uncommon symptoms could be the key to early diagnosis and better outcomes. If something feels off, don’t ignore it—your health is worth it.